Pumping hash cash, saves on gas, gas, gas

Researchers have developed a benchmarking framework to assess whether artificial intelligence (AI) can generate decentralised finance (DeFi) smart contracts that are efficient and cost-effective, lowering computational costs, known jargonistically as “gas”. The work might address a key problem seen in blockchain-based financial systems.

Decentralised finance (DeFi) is a blockchain-based financial system that provides services such as lending, trading, and asset management without the need for conventional intermediaries such as banks. It uses smart contracts, which are self-executing programs that automatically enforce agreed rules, to allow financial applications to operate on decentralised networks. There is a computational cost associated with transactions, the gas. Reducing gas consumption is the key to lowering costs for users.

The study in the International Journal of Agile Systems and Management looked at Code Llama and Code Llama–Python. These two large language models (LLMs) can generate computer code across three DeFi applications: digital tokens, tokenised vaults, and flash loans.

Rather than comparing AI directly with human developers, the researchers examined gas-saving patterns in AI-generated contracts and created a benchmark that can be applied to both human- and machine-produced code. The results showed that improving gas efficiency is not a simple process, with different contract types requiring different optimisation approaches.

The researchers suggest that AI-assisted contract development could reduce development time, improve accessibility for non-specialists, and help smaller projects build decentralised applications. However, further work is needed to reduce “gas” costs.

Pratama, A.N.W. and Wicaksana, A. (2026) ‘Benchmarking gas-saving patterns in AI-generated DeFi smart contract’, Int. J. Agile Systems and Management, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp.1–26.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

New Open Access article available: "Large language models for vulnerability detection: a multi-use case comparative study"

The following International Journal of Applied Cryptography article, "Large language models for vulnerability detection: a multi-use case comparative study", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Free sample articles newly available from African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development

The following sample articles from the African Journal of Economic and Sustainable Development are now available here for free:

• Comparative study of doing business in Kenya and Vietnam
• Effect of education on adoption and continued use of improved maize seeds in Burkina Faso
• Foreign aid towards accelerated economic growth in Africa: the role of independent central banks, political institutions and monetary integration
• Gearing up for sustainability and climate change disclosures in Ghana: a qualitative study
• Urban agriculture between territorial anchoring and challenges of urbanisation: case of Guersif City (Eastern Morocco)

New Open Access article available: "Supervisor social support and disability inclusion: examining mediation and moderation in employee performance"

The following International Journal of Business Innovation and Research article, "Supervisor social support and disability inclusion: examining mediation and moderation in employee performance", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

New Open Access article available: "An adaptive variable frequency control method for motor speed based on PLC"

The following International Journal of Internet Manufacturing and Services article, "An adaptive variable frequency control method for motor speed based on PLC", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Research pick: On the money - "A financial data forecasting and optimisation model combining LSTM and convolutional neural networks"

A hybrid artificial intelligence model that combines two well-established deep learning techniques has improved the accuracy of financial market forecasts across major stock indices and so-called cryptocurrency, according to work in the International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems.

The researchers designed the model, CLSTM-HN, to address a long-standing problem in financial forecasting. That is to balance the detection of short-term market movements with recognition of longer-term trends. The researchers tested the system on publicly available data and achieved a forecasting error lower by 15 to 20 per cent compared with conventional long short-term memory (LSTM) models. They also saw an improvement in the accuracy of predicting whether prices would rise or fall by 10 to 14 per cent.

Financial markets are difficult to predict because prices are volatile, noisy and subject to sudden structural shifts. Traditional statistical approaches often rely on assumptions about market behaviour that break down during periods of instability.

The new system combines a convolutional neural network (CNN), which identifies local patterns within data, with an LSTM network, which retains information over long sequences. An adaptive alignment mechanism converts CNN outputs into a form the LSTM can process more effectively, while the training objective rewards both numerical accuracy and correct prediction of market direction.

Wang, M. and Wu, Y. (2026) ‘A financial data forecasting and optimisation model combining LSTM and convolutional neural networks’, Int. J. Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, Vol. 18, No. 17, pp.83–99.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

Free sample articles newly available from International Journal of Critical Accounting

The following sample articles from the International Journal of Critical Accounting are now available here for free:

• Understanding compliance management practices of ready-made garment industries in Bangladesh: revisiting the challenges and pathways
• Contingent perspective on the auditor-client relationship: a new determinant of audit quality
• Factors influencing the perception of non-accounting students in introductory accounting taught in universities in Ghana
• Assurance and consultancy internal audit roles in information technology risk management and investment decisions

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing

The International Journal of Electronic Marketing and Retailing has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• The role of scarcity cues and consumer attitudes in driving compulsive buying: an S-O-R analysis of flash sales in e-commerce
• Do service bundlers and non-bundlers perceive switching barriers differently?

New Open Access article available: "Interpersonal relationships and career development competencies: a case study of the dynamic self-ball digital game"

The following International Journal of Innovation and Learning article, "Interpersonal relationships and career development competencies: a case study of the dynamic self-ball digital game", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

New Open Access article available: "Learning under the inventory problem of economic order quantity: a behavioural study"

The following International Journal of Inventory Research article, "Learning under the inventory problem of economic order quantity: a behavioural study", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Research pick: You can tell me by the way I walk - "Dual-stream spatiotemporal fusion with dynamic feature mapping for gait-based identity recognition"

Artificial Intelligence (AI) can identify people by the way they walk. The technology focuses on how a person’s joints move, rather than on body shape alone, and could improve long-distance identity verification for security and law enforcement.

Writing in the International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, the team describes the SKDMap-Net system, which analyses a person’s gait using estimated body keypoints from video input. The system calculates joint positions, angles, and angular velocity and acceleration to capture the distinctive features of an individual’s gait. It copes with the effects of different types of clothing, camera angle, and even partial obstruction.

The model processes body position and movement information separately before combining them. It also uses an attention mechanism, a machine learning technique that assigns greater importance to different body parts depending on the scene, such as arm movements if the legs are obscured.

In tests on three public gait-recognition datasets, the system outperformed existing approaches. The approach could make gait recognition more reliable and at the same time reduce the amount of personal visual information that must be processed.

Quan, B. and Zhang, B. (2026) ‘Dual-stream spatiotemporal fusion with dynamic feature mapping for gait-based identity recognition’, Int. J. Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems, Vol. 18, No. 17, pp.67–82.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

Free sample articles newly available from International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms

The following sample articles from the International Journal of Advanced Intelligence Paradigms are now available here for free:

• Document summarisation using recurrent neural network
• An efficient memory based differential evolution for constrained optimisation
• An efficient implicit Lagrangian twin bounded support vector machine
• Case-based reasoning methodology for eLearning recommendation system
• Load-balanced multilayered clustering protocol to maximise the lifetime of wireless sensor networks

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems

The International Journal of Reasoning-based Intelligent Systems has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• Automated assessment of mental health integrating emojis and BERT
• An AI-driven multimodal fusion and graph-temporal modelling framework for developmental assessment of social competence and emotional expression in preschool children
• Oil painting style transfer with staged spatial-channel attention in encoder and decoder
• Dual-stream spatiotemporal fusion with dynamic feature mapping for gait-based identity recognition
• A financial data forecasting and optimisation model combining LSTM and convolutional neural networks

Research pick: Brand attachment blunts consumer risk perception - "When negative news fails to deter: the emotional shielding effect of brand attachment on perceived risk"

Strong emotional attachment to a brand may help explain why some consumers remain loyal even in the wake of negative publicity, according to research in the International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets.

The team analysed survey responses from 189 consumers and found that trust increased purchase intentions while reducing perceived risk. Perceived risk is the likelihood that buying a product could lead to financial, safety or other problems. However, emotional attachment to the brand affects how these factors interact. Those consumers with a weaker attachment tended to follow a conventional pattern. In this case, greater trust reduced perceived risk and supported purchase decisions. Among consumers with a stronger brand attachment, their emotional commitment led them to be less influenced by risk assessments.

The researchers describe this as an emotional shielding effect. The brand is so linked to the consumer’s identity that negative information about the brand carries less weight than for those people where the emotional ties don’t shape their decision-making and they are more rational about their purchasing choices.

The findings are based on a cross-sectional survey, which means they reveal a statistical association rather than a direct cause and effect. The survey was associated with a particular vehicle brand and its customers in China.

The work highlights a shift in marketing theory. As social media accelerates the spread of bad news of product failures, data breaches, and corporate controversies, companies must not view their customer relationships as being based on more than trust alone. Emotional attachment, the study suggests, can shape how consumers interpret negative information and whether they remain loyal. This could guide marketing practice.

Xue, X., Zhang, Y. and Zhang, Q. (2026) ‘When negative news fails to deter: the emotional shielding effect of brand attachment on perceived risk’, Int. J. Business and Emerging Markets, Vol. 18, No. 8, pp. 1–29.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

Research pick: Speak up! Closing the cultural gap in education - "Power distance and intercultural communication in higher education: a three-pathway systematic review"

A systematic review of research on intercultural communication in higher education finds that cultural “power distance”, which is the extent to which people accept unequal authority, continues to shape who speaks, who is heard, and how knowledge is shared in multicultural classrooms.

The review, published in the International Journal of Knowledge and Learning, used a structured method for transparent evidence selection and thematic coding to identify patterns across the relevant literature. In their analysis, the researchers considered three communication pathways: student-to-student, student-to-teacher, and teacher-to-student interactions.

Student-to-student exchanges were found to most consistently support empathy and intercultural learning. However, they did find that language barriers and stereotypes often limited participation. Student-to-teacher communication emerged as the least explored pathway in the literature. It was frequently constrained by hesitation to challenge authority or fear of negative evaluation. Teacher-to-student interaction remained largely shaped by traditional transmissive teaching, where information flows primarily from lecturer to student. However, participatory teaching methods and digital tools were reported to have reduced problems with hierarchy in some contexts.

The researchers suggest that communication inequalities are not simply interpersonal but embedded in institutional structures that regulate participation and legitimacy in academic dialogue. They suggest that a new framework might connect previously fragmented research and allow new insights to be found to guide education and improve learning opportunities in globalised universities.

Menjívar, C.H.H. and Mayorga, C.A.E. (2026) ‘Power distance and intercultural communication in higher education: a three-pathway systematic review’, Int. J. Knowledge and Learning, Vol. 19, No. 5, pp.1–22.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

New Open Access article available: "Benchmarking gas-saving patterns in AI-generated DeFi smart contract"

The following International Journal of Agile Systems and Management article, "Benchmarking gas-saving patterns in AI-generated DeFi smart contract", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Business Information Systems

The International Journal of Business Information Systems has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• Digital and managerial capabilities, resilience, and innovation for the sustainability of traditional cosmetic businesses in China
• Assessing brand equity through customer reviews: a naïve Bayes classifier approach

New Open Access article available: "Linking business ecosystem structure to risk perception: a network analysis of Indonesia's bamboo craft industry"

The following International Journal of Business Innovation and Research article, "Linking business ecosystem structure to risk perception: a network analysis of Indonesia's bamboo craft industry", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Information and Communication Technology

The International Journal of Information and Communication Technology has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• 3D visual generation system based on the fusion of multi-view geometry reconstruction and deep learning
• A trustworthy traceability and permission management system for academic publishing processes based on blockchain and AI
• Interactive teaching system based on an improved collaborative filtering algorithm and matrix decomposition
• Dynamic diagnosis of students' state in English classes based on feature decoupling and improved active learning algorithm
• Practical application of social science text translation based on the computer-assisted translation platform YiCAT

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Information and Communication Technology

The International Journal of Information and Communication Technology has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• Process control of financial informatisation in industrial enterprises based on data mining and RPA technology
• Urban spatial morphology evolution mechanism and resilience assessment based on multi-source data fusion
• Transformer-based cross-cultural intelligent translation system for international communication
• Correlation between course grades and evaluation grades based on Fruchterman-Reingold and Theil-Sen
• English-derived place name recognition and translation based on knowledge graph and phonetic generation algorithm

Research pick: AI design for life - "Forms and innovative applications of fine arts factors in the design of literary and artistic products"

Researchers have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) system that evaluates the visual appeal of literary and artistic product designs by mimicking how people naturally direct their attention across an image, a step that could help designers create products that better match consumer preferences. The work was published in the International Journal of Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation.

The researchers suggest that existing image-aesthetics systems focus too much on isolated visual features while overlooking visual saliency. Visual saliency is the idea that parts of an image are instinctively more attractive to human attention. Additionally, those earlier models ignore composition, the arrangement of visual elements such as lines, shapes, and background within an image.

The new algorithmic method combines two approaches. The first analyses edge patterns to capture the structure and balance of a design. The second uses weakly supervised learning, a machine-learning technique that learns from limited labelled examples, and an attention mechanism, which enables the model to prioritise the most important parts of an image during analysis.

Tests on two widely used image-aesthetics datasets found that the approach outperformed established deep-learning models. Having built the system on the EfficientNet architecture that also achieved a favourable balance between accuracy, speed, and computing cost.

The team suggests that the method could provide designers with measurable guidance on how changes to composition or focal points affect perceived quality. They also suggest it could help preserve cultural identity in product design by incorporating aesthetic principles rooted in different artistic traditions, rather than relying on imitation of dominant international styles.

Yu, X. (2026) ‘Forms and innovative applications of fine arts factors in the design of literary and artistic products’, Int. J. Engineering Systems Modelling and Simulation, Vol. 17, No. 7, pp.1–11.

News media may use this press release as source material, in whole or in part, provided the content is not materially misrepresented. A link back to the original article is appreciated.

New Open Access article available: "Digital marketing, customer engagement, supply chain agility, and flexible logistics as capability drivers of dynamic marketing channel performance: an operations management perspective"

The following International Journal of Services and Operations Management article, "Digital marketing, customer engagement, supply chain agility, and flexible logistics as capability drivers of dynamic marketing channel performance: an operations management perspective", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Free sample articles newly available from International Journal of Low Radiation

The following sample articles from the International Journal of Low Radiation are now available here for free:

• Status of radiographic services at government hospitals in Gaza Governorates, Palestine
• Partitioning and health risk dose assessment of polonium-210 in selected brands of cigarettes and types of tobacco consumed in Jordan
• Determination of radioactive isotopes and some physicochemical parameters in five different rivers in the south Ondo State, Nigeria
• Assessment of excess lifetime cancer risk and radioactive heat production from waste dumpsites in three cities in Southwestern Nigeria
• The cancer mortality and incident studies due to the natural background radiation in Poland

New Open Access article available: "Research on intelligent clothing design integrating visual communication and embedded system - taking the blind safety clothing as an example"

The following International Journal of Computational Systems Engineering article, "Research on intelligent clothing design integrating visual communication and embedded system - taking the blind safety clothing as an example", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Research pick: Pocket pedagogy – understanding developments in mobile learning - "Charting the landscape of mobile learning in higher education: a bibliometric mapping of research trends and organisational contexts"

A bibliometric analysis of mobile learning research published between 2017 and 2026 shows a sharp expansion in output. There was a big surge between 2020 and 2022 associated with pandemic-driven shifts in higher education. Mobile learning (m-learning), defined as the use of mobile devices such as smartphones and tablets to support educational activity, has grown alongside global device penetration and intensive daily usage among students, according to the study published in the International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation.

The researchers looked at more than 2,500 papers indexed in Web of Science, using bibliometric spreadsheet techniques and the network-mapping tool VOSviewer. This allowed them to identify patterns in authorship, citations, and research themes through statistical analysis of the academic publications.

China, Taiwan, and the USA emerged as the most active contributors, with the National Taiwan University of Science and Technology identified as the leading institution. Influential work in the field is strongly associated with scholars such as Gwo-Jen Hwang.

The team’s thematic mapping indicates a shift away from early emphasis on technology adoption towards more integrated approaches to teaching. It focuses on how mobile tools can shape teaching and learning design. The analysis also highlights increasing collaboration across regions, with growing scholarly influence from East Asia and Latin America.

The team suggests that future research might take into account the advent of readily available artificial intelligence (AI) tools for learning support as well as immersive technologies such as augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). They suggest that these developments are expected to expand interactive and contextual learning experiences in higher education.

Shambare, B. and Jita, T. (2026) ‘Charting the landscape of mobile learning in higher education: a bibliometric mapping of research trends and organisational contexts’, Int. J. Mobile Learning and Organisation, Vol. 20, No. 5, pp.1–27.

Free Open Access issue published by International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets

The International Journal of Business and Emerging Markets has published an Open Access issue. All of the issue’s papers can be downloaded via the full-text links available here.

• When negative news fails to deter: the emotional shielding effect of brand attachment on perceived risk
• Marketing effectiveness in emerging Mekong markets: an fsQCA of influencer-led sustainable branding

New Open Access article available: "Charting the landscape of mobile learning in higher education: a bibliometric mapping of research trends and organisational contexts"

The following International Journal of Mobile Learning and Organisation article, "Charting the landscape of mobile learning in higher education: a bibliometric mapping of research trends and organisational contexts", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

Free sample articles newly available from International Journal of Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations

The following sample articles from the International Journal of Dynamical Systems and Differential Equations are now available here for free:

• Dynamics of superattracting skew products on the attracting basins: Böttcher coordinates and plurisubharmonic functions
• Improvements and application of normal cloud positive regression model
• An advanced fractal optimisation method for network energy and power based on cellular massive MIMO based on photovoltaic technology
• Technical evaluation on improved Hough transform for monitoring traffic sign images under depth algorithm
• Intelligent optimisation of self-healing strategy of distribution network based on differential evolution and advanced fractal
• Nonlinear programming differential equation method for architectural landscape spatial structure engineering in dynamics systems
• A high-precision broadband low-cost multiplier topology for electric energy measurement
• Fractional calculus in dynamic analysis of truck frame: a special focus on finite element modelling

New Open Access article available: "Integration of computational algorithms in enhancing geological modelling and drilling efficiency in coal mine exploration"

The following International Journal of Oil, Gas and Coal Technology article, "Integration of computational algorithms in enhancing geological modelling and drilling efficiency in coal mine exploration", is freely available for download as an open access article.

It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.

International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications is now an open access-only journal

We are pleased to announce that the International Journal of Systems, Control and Communications is now an Open Access-only journal. All accepted articles submitted from 1 July 2026 onwards will be Open Access, and will require an article processing charge of EUR €1700.