The following International Journal of Nanoparticles article, "Influence of particle size on optical scattering properties of silver nanoparticles", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development article, "Understanding the process of starting up and managing the performance of a refugee enterprise: a critical realist case study", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Real time performance prediction in sports using machine learning algorithms", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
Global shipping has a large carbon wake and as such the industry is pushing to reduce emissions. One approach has been to turn to a non-carbon fuel, ammonia as an alternative fuel. Research in the International Journal of Shipping and Transport Logistics, however, warns that international maritime law has not kept pace with the speed at which ammonia-powered vessels are being designed, tested, and promoted. This, the researchers suggest, might leave unresolved safety and liability questions unanswered, which could stall the transition to cleaner shipping.
Shipping accounts for a significant three percent of global carbon dioxide emissions. In 2023, the International Maritime Organization (IMO), the United Nations body that regulates global shipping, adopted a strategy committing the sector to net-zero greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The aim is to achieve substantial reductions by 2030 and 2040. Achieving these goals will require a large-scale shift from heavy fuel oil to zero-carbon fuels.
Ammonia is a promising candidate. It contains no carbon, so releases no carbon dioxide when used as a fuel. It can also be produced efficiently using renewable electricity rather than fossil fuels. Indeed, it is anticipated that ammonia use as a fuel will expand rapidly in the next few years. Ammonia has an additional benefit over hydrogen as a fuel is it can be liquefied at more moderate temperature and pressure, which means it is compatible with much of the existing infrastructure used to transport liquefied gases over long distances. Hydrogen as fuel would require entirely new transport and storage infrastructure.
Despite the many advantages of ammonia as fuel, there are legal and safety complications. Ammonia is a highly toxic and corrosive substance. This creates engineering challenges that require specialised engine designs to ensure reliable ignition and efficiency.
Ammonia has been transported by sea for many years and the regulations around its transport are well established but do not account for it actually being used as a fuel on ships. The International Gas Carrier Code sets standards for ships carrying ammonia as cargo, while the International Code of Safety for Ships Using Gases or Other Low-Flashpoint Fuels was developed primarily with liquefied natural gas (methane) in mind and offers no specific guidance for ammonia as a fuel.
The regulatory gaps and internal legal inconsistencies urgently need to be closed so that shipbuilders, operators, flag states, and port authorities can have certainty in the building and use of ammonia-fuelled vessels.
Choi, J. and Lim, S. (2026) ‘Legal challenges and regulatory improvements regarding ammonia as an alternative marine fuel or cargo’, Int. J. Shipping and Transport Logistics, Vol. 22, No. 5, pp.1–27.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Systemic construction of a machine learning-based tourist attraction recommendation model for tourism demand", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Construction of implementation system for vocational education targeted training model based on BP neural network under the integration of industry and education", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Design of intelligent management system for tourist attractions based on IoT information technology", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Study on English machine translation based on feature extraction algorithm and big data information technology", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "The analysis of customer service quality evaluation of platform based on big data", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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University libraries hold vast collections of scholarly work, yet most academic books are borrowed only a handful of times each year. A study in the International Journal of Information and Communication Technology suggests that the problem lies less in library logistics than in the lack of a sophisticated recommendation system available to readers. The team behind the research have come up with a new approach to library recommendation systems that replaces the static models with an approach that adapts to the readers’ changing learning needs.
For decades, most library and commercial platforms have relied on collaborative filtering, a technique that recommends items based on aggregated past behaviour, such as borrowing or purchasing patterns. While effective at scale, the method treats readers as having a fixed profile. It ignores the level of difficulty of material relative to a reader’s ability. Moreover, it does not work well with a cold-start, where little data exist for new users or new books. This latest research suggests that overcoming such limitations could open up knowledge to more readers and stop those books gathering dust on the library shelves.
The new system models readers as learners whose knowledge changes over time. It uses a gated recurrent unit, a form of neural network designed for time-series data. This tracks changes in a reader’s mastery of a subject and so can produce what the researchers refer to as a continuously updated “cognitive state matrix”. This analysis reflects what a reader is likely to understand at any given moment in their education of research.
The team adds that their model incorporates behavioural signals, such as borrowing rhythms and search intent, and an environmental feedback mechanism that adjusts recommendations to balance a resource’s difficulty against its popularity.
The approach was tested using real borrowing data from a university library. The team found improvements over established baselines in ranking quality and measured learning gains, while maintaining low response times compatible with live deployment.
Deng, F. (2025) ‘Personalised book recommendation model for university libraries based on multi-factor knowledge tracking’, Int. J. Information and Communication Technology, Vol. 26, No. 50, pp.1–16.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Application of intelligent algorithms in precise assessment and effect prediction of rural economic development policies", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Research on the construction of intelligent outcome-based education platform driven by deep learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Design of smart tourism information resource management system based on GIS and big data technology", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Quantitative analysis of the influence of financial technology on enterprise financing structure based on machine learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "The analysis of image recognition for tourism cultural and creative products visual design based on deep learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "The emergency network public opinion risk identification and early warning model from BP neural network", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Green logistics network optimisation and carbon emission reduction using blockchain technology", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Performance evaluation of enterprise blockchain financial sharing centre based on deep learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Multilevel grey method for evaluating the exploitation potential of tourism resources based on machine learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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Research in the International Journal of Data Science has looked at how network security technologies can be integrated into the redesign of ordinary homes for older adults with a view to improving their quality of life.
The approach could offer an alternative to institutional care for members of an ageing population. The research suggests that conventional housing could be adapted for older residents with a new ethos that overcomes the limitations of earlier approaches. Some of those earlier approaches could not address the complex and evolving risks associated with later-life living.
Home-based care of older people is commonly the preferred choice, but it is often stymied by interiors that were designed for younger, mobile individuals rather than those with reduced mobility, sensory impairment, or cognitive changes. The work suggests that network security systems that protect personal data as well as the interconnected sensors and monitoring systems that manage risk, detect hazards, and respond to changes in a resident’s condition or environment.
The researchers have considered a standard two-bedroom flat and tested an approach that combined a useful setup with intelligent monitoring. The redesigned interior used networked sensors to identify potential dangers, support adaptable layouts, and define functional zones that could change according to daily routines and care needs.
The work highlights how the integration of useful technology into the home can be done so as not to detract from domestic comfort or visual aesthetics, which are also important to quality of life. The modified flat demonstrated how improvements not only in safety but also in usability and overall livability could be undertaken.
The findings have implications for social policy and public finance. Safer, more adaptable homes could allow older adults to remain independent for longer, reducing society’s reliance on residential care facilities. This could thus reduce the pressure on public care budgets and pension schemes. The next step will be to look at other forms of housing and to investigate whether the approach is scalable.
Yu, T. (2025) ‘Design and transformation of the interior space for home-based care for the aged based on network security’, Int. J. Data Science, Vol. 10, No. 7, pp.1–15.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Intelligent construction of financial risk management system based on an e-commerce platform under the background of the Internet of Things", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Data Science article, "Design and transformation of the interior space for home-based care for the aged based on network security", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Three-dimensional facial image modelling and animation generation method integrated with emotion recognition", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Application of GCN-based teaching path optimisation for teachers in college education", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The interaction of silver materials with light is well-known as the basis of film photography. But, there are much more sophisticated interactions when we consider very, very small particles of silver that could have applications in a wide range of technologies.
Research in the International Journal of Nanoparticles has looked at the behaviour of the tiniest of silver particles, just billionths of a metre in diameter when exposed to light. The behaviour of these silver nanoparticles when exposed to light is different depending on the exact size of the particles.
The team has modelled the absorption, scattering, and quenching of light of different wavelengths with silver nanoparticles from 10 to 240 nanometres in diameter. They found that the smaller nanoparticles primarily absorb light. This could be useful in boosting photothermal effects used in targeted medical therapies for cancer.
By contrast, larger particles, rather than absorbing light, scatter it. This phenomenon might be used to make reflective coatings and solar energy capture devices.
Those particles that are of intermediate size, 40 to 60 nanometres, displayed a third type of behaviour, plasmonic resonance. In this phenomenon, the incident light causes the conducting electrons in the silver to oscillate. This action could be used to detect chemicals in medical or environmental samples, as the presence of chemicals of interest even in very low concentration will change the pattern of these oscillations.
This new understanding of the behaviour of silver nanoparticles could thus open up a range of applications in medicine, biomedical, chemical, and environmental research. The team adds that not all silver nanoparticles are created equal, and this could also be useful in different technologies. For example, silver nanoparticles with complex geometries such as internal layers, like an onion or hollow nanoparticles might behave differently again. Their model could open up the exploration of such complex silver nanoparticles, which might be even more amenable to fine-tuning for specific applications.
Lamsiah, A., Atmani, E.H., Meziane, J., Fazouan, N. and Oumouloud, M. (2026) ‘Influence of particle size on optical scattering properties of silver nanoparticles’, Int. J. Nanoparticles, Vol. 15, No. 5, pp.1–17.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Student behaviour prediction and learning path optimisation in online education platform based on Dijkstra-ACO", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Design and practice of artificial intelligence-driven piano improvisation accompaniment teaching system introduction", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Elastic dynamic scheduling algorithm for instant delivery logistics vehicles using multi-objective optimisation techniques", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Abnormal swimming behaviour detection and multi-object tracking based on YOLOv7 and DeepSORT", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Multi-objective micro-milling parameter optimisation and surface prediction via migration learning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Edge IoT causal graph neural network for enhancing urban carbon sink accounting accuracy", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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Entrepreneurial success can emerge through the gradual development of reflexive decision-making rather than linear planning or favourable starting conditions, according to research in the International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development. The research looked at how a business moved from stalled operations to sustained competitiveness by navigating structural constraints in Britain’s health and social care market over more than a decade.
The study follows a single enterprise, a London-based social enterprise founded by an African refugee woman over the course of thirteen years. The research was a longitudinal case study that tracked change over an extended period of time rather than capturing a simple snapshot of activity at a specific time. Moreover, it founded in a critical realist framework, which examined how an individual organisation operates within, and is shaped by, wider social and institutional structures. Central to the analysis is the notion of reflexivity, which is defined as the internal process through which an individual evaluates their circumstances, reassess their goals and adjust their actions in response to changing conditions.
In their case study, the team notes an early period of fractured reflexivity. Social ambition was strong, but strategic focus was limited. This resulted in zero measurable performance outcomes. Progress followed only as the entrepreneur developed autonomous reflexivity, enabling more disciplined decision-making, engagement with local business networks, and ultimately the establishment of operational credibility.
As the enterprise matured, communicative reflexivity became more and more important. Where there was dialogue with public-sector bodies then stats improved and access to competitively funded contracts opened up. Moreover, there was gradual recognition within London’s regulated health and social care system. This later phase coincided with the building of reputation, quality certifications, and even national awards. In turn, these all further supported access to the market.
More recently, the entrepreneur involved has demonstrated what we might call meta-reflexivity, continually evaluating the enterprise’s social mission along with its financial performance. She has reinvested profits into free training programmes for refugee women, embedded social value creation directly into the business model but still maintained commercial viability.
Given that conventional narratives often frame refugee entrepreneurs in terms of barriers and vulnerabilities, this case study demonstrates that refugee entrepreneurship within broader debates on migration, urban economies, and demographic change, can be framed far more positively.
Mutiganda, J.C. (2026) ‘Understanding the process of starting up and managing the performance of a refugee enterprise: a critical realist case study’, Int. J. Management and Enterprise Development, Vol. 25, No. 5, pp.1–17.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Construction of oral health big data analysis platform and intelligent decision support system", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Application of knowledge graph-enhanced generative diffusion model for brand visual generation", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Tracking domain knowledge in Chinese language education based on graph neural networks", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Intelligent assessment system for singing skills based on time-frequency feature decoupling", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Basketball player action optimisation based on deep reinforcement learning: multimodal biomechanical modelling", is freely available for download as an open access article.
It can be downloaded via the full-text link available here.
A novel facial expression recognition system designed to overcome the conflict between accuracy and real-world use is discussed in the International Journal of Applied Pattern Recognition. The approach performs well while remaining computationally lightweight and addresses one of the main challenges facing emotion-aware technologies for vehicles, consumer devices, and healthcare applications.
Facial expression recognition involves classifying human emotions based on a visual analysis of the face. It has benefited from deep learning technology that use multilayered neural networks to examine an image. But, such technology generally requires a lot of computational power. The new work combines classical image analysis with a streamlined deep-learning architecture that preserves performance while lowering computational requirements.
The team has used a convolutional neural network, a type of model well suited to image processing. And, rather than solely learning from training data, the system uses traditional texture descriptors and grey levels. By combining these well-used computer vision techniques with the neural network outputs that can analyse fine-grained facial detail at low computational cost.
The team has tested their approach using two benchmark data sets, large collections of facial images annotated for emotional content. The system achieved recognition accuracies of almost 80 per cent for one and almost 87 per cent for the other. Real-world type tests on still images, recorded video, and live camera feeds in real time also showed how well the system can perform.
Such work is part of a broad area known as affective computing, the discipline concerned with recognising and responding to human emotion. By showing that hybrid designs can offset the computational resource demands of deep learning, the work opens up the possibility of developing emotion recognition that can be integrated into public infrastructure, mobile devices, and clinical environments for a wide range of applications.
Zhang, X. and Yan, C. (2025) ‘Face expression classification and recognition based on LBP+GLCM features and attention mechanism in CNN’, Int. J. Applied Pattern Recognition, Vol. 8, No. 1, pp.1–15.
The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Enhancing accuracy of pragmatic ability tests through multi-feature fusion based on graph neural networks", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Multimodal attentive fusion for emotion recognition model in children's drama", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "An affective-behavioural fusion framework for proactive student mental health monitoring", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "A reinforcement learning - enabled system for personalised sports training plan generation", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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The following International Journal of Information and Communication Technology article, "Integrating sentiment analysis and deep learning for regional economic risk identification and early warning", is freely available for download as an open access article.
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